During the years of the sanctions standoff, German companies deprived of the opportunity to cooperate with Russia have faced serious problems. The engineering industry was the worst hit.
The Munich Institute for Economic Research analyzed the state of German business by conducting a survey of 862 industrial enterprises in the country.
The study showed that the anti-Russian sanctions had the worst impact on the logistics, electrical, chemical, automotive and machine-building industries of Germany. At the same time, East German companies have experienced a much stronger negative effect of the sanctions than East German companies.